自動(dòng)擋變速箱幾種形式

　　Several forms of automatic transmission

　　自動(dòng)變速器（AT），是一種通過液力或電控液壓操縱變扭器實(shí)現(xiàn)換檔的傳動(dòng)裝置。它可以在汽車行駛過程中，根據(jù)駕駛員的選擇和汽車運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，自動(dòng)地進(jìn)行擋位的切換。目前市面上常見的自動(dòng)變速器主要有以下幾種類型：

　　Automatic transmission (AT) is a transmission device that uses hydraulic or electronically controlled hydraulic control to shift gears through a torque converter. It can automatically switch gears during the driving process based on the driver's selection and the vehicle's operating status. The common types of automatic transmissions on the market currently include the following:

　　1. 液力自動(dòng)變速器（AT）：這是最常見的自動(dòng)變速器類型，通過液力傳遞和離合器實(shí)現(xiàn)換擋。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是換檔平穩(wěn)、噪音小，但缺點(diǎn)是效率較低且結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜。

　　1. Hydraulic automatic transmission (AT): This is the most common type of automatic transmission, which shifts gears through hydraulic transmission and clutch. Its advantages are smooth gear shifting and low noise, but its disadvantages are low efficiency and complex structure.

　　2. 機(jī)械自動(dòng)變速器（AMT）：這種類型的自動(dòng)變速器在傳統(tǒng)手動(dòng)變速器的基礎(chǔ)上增加了電子控制單元（ECU）和自動(dòng)離合器。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)簡單，成本較低，但換檔過程可能不夠平順。

　　2. Mechanical Automatic Transmission (AMT): This type of automatic transmission adds an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and an automatic clutch to the traditional manual transmission. Its advantages are relatively simple structure and low cost, but the shifting process may not be smooth enough.

　　3. 雙離合自動(dòng)變速器（DCT）：這種類型的自動(dòng)變速器采用兩套離合器交替工作，實(shí)現(xiàn)了無動(dòng)力中斷的換檔。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是換檔速度快、效率高，但缺點(diǎn)是換檔過程中可能存在一定的頓挫感。

　　3. Dual clutch automatic transmission (DCT): This type of automatic transmission uses two sets of clutches to work alternately, achieving shift without power interruption. Its advantages are fast shifting speed and high efficiency, but the disadvantage is that there may be some jerking during the shifting process.

　　4. 無級(jí)自動(dòng)變速器（CVT）：這種類型的自動(dòng)變速器使用兩個(gè)皮帶輪和一個(gè)鋼制皮帶實(shí)現(xiàn)無級(jí)變速。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是換檔過程平滑、油耗低，但缺點(diǎn)是承受扭矩有限且不能進(jìn)行跳擋操作。

　　4. Continuously variable transmission (CVT): This type of automatic transmission uses two pulleys and a steel belt to achieve continuously variable transmission. Its advantages are smooth shifting process and low fuel consumption, but its disadvantages are limited torque tolerance and inability to perform gear shifting operations.

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