自動變速箱檢測分為基本檢測、失速檢測、齒輪檢測、液壓檢測和道路檢測等。自動變速箱保養(yǎng)的核心在實現(xiàn)自動換擋。所謂自動換擋是指汽車在行駛的過程中，駕駛員按行駛過程的需要操控加速踏板（油門踏板），自動變速器即可根據(jù)發(fā)動機負荷和汽車的運行工況，自動換入不同擋位工作。目的是通過檢測確定變速器的技術(shù)狀態(tài)，找出故障的原因和位置，并采取相應(yīng)的措施消除故障。
Automatic transmission detection is divided into basic detection, stall detection, gear detection, hydraulic detection and road detection. The core of automatic transmission maintenance is to realize automatic shift. The so-called automatic shift means that the driver controls the accelerator pedal (accelerator pedal) according to the needs of the driving process during the driving process of the car. The automatic transmission can automatically shift into different gears according to the engine load and the operating conditions of the car. The purpose is to determine the technical status of the transmission by testing, find out the cause and location of the fault, and take corresponding measures to eliminate the fault.
1常規(guī)檢測
1 routine test
自動變速箱故障主要是由于自動變速箱維護不當所致。自動變速箱維修是相對于手動變速箱而出現(xiàn)的一種能夠自動根據(jù)汽車車速和發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速來進行自動換擋操縱的變速裝置。目前汽車自動變速箱常見的有四種型式，分別是液力自動變速箱、機械無級自動變速箱(、電控機械自動變速箱和雙離合自動變速箱。因此，首先要對自動變速箱進行基本的檢測和調(diào)整，這樣不僅可以解決由于維修不當而引起的一些故障，而且可以為進一步的故障診斷提供有用的信息。
The failure of automatic transmission is mainly caused by improper maintenance of automatic transmission. Automatic transmission maintenance is a kind of transmission device which can automatically shift according to vehicle speed and engine speed. At present, there are four types of automatic transmission, namely hydraulic automatic transmission, mechanical stepless automatic transmission, electronic mechanical automatic transmission and double clutch automatic transmission. Therefore, first of all, the automatic transmission should be tested and adjusted, which can not only solve some faults caused by improper maintenance, but also provide useful information for further fault diagnosis.
(1)檢測發(fā)動機怠速
(1) Detect engine idle speed
發(fā)動機怠速，達到正常水溫后，自動變速箱置于“N”位置時，發(fā)動機的怠速是否在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)。如果怠速過低，當變速器放置在“R”、“D”、“2”或“1”位置時，會引起汽車振動，影響座椅的舒適性，嚴重地使發(fā)動機熄火。如果怠速過高，就會產(chǎn)生換擋沖擊。
When the engine idles and reaches the normal water temperature, whether the idle speed of the engine is within the specified range when the automatic transmission is placed in the "n" position. If the idle speed is too low, when the transmission is placed in "R", "d", "2" or "1" position, it will cause vehicle vibration, affect the comfort of the seat, and seriously make the engine flameout. If the idle speed is too high, there will be shift impact.
(2)檢測節(jié)流閥電纜
(2) Throttle cable detection valve
在自動變速箱中，節(jié)流電纜連接到發(fā)動機上的節(jié)氣門。通過改變油門位移，將發(fā)動機油門開度信號轉(zhuǎn)換為油門壓力信號。油門張力線的檢測主要是檢查反映發(fā)動機負荷的油門開度，以及是否準確地反映了自動變速箱中的油門。
In an automatic transmission, the throttle cable is connected to the throttle valve on the engine. By changing the throttle displacement, the engine throttle opening signal is converted into the throttle pressure signal. The detection of throttle tension line is mainly to check whether the throttle opening reflects the engine load and whether it accurately reflects the throttle in the automatic transmission.
(3)齒輪選擇機構(gòu)的檢測
(3) Detection of gear selection mechanism
驅(qū)動器操作齒輪選擇，控制閥實現(xiàn)換擋。如果選擇器控制閥發(fā)生故障，自動變速箱將無法正常工作。
The driver operates the gear selection, and the control valve realizes shifting. If the selector control valve fails, the automatic transmission will not function properly.
首先，觀察齒輪選擇機構(gòu)的傳動桿是否變形或干涉，以及接頭是否固定良好。然后將選擇手柄懸掛在每個齒輪上，并利用手柄的感覺來判斷選擇機構(gòu)是否工作正常。例如，手柄在進入每個齒輪時是否靈活，進入齒輪后手柄是否處于正確的位置，等等。
Firstly, observe whether the transmission rod of gear selection mechanism is deformed or interfered, and whether the joint is fixed well. Then hang the selection handle on each gear, and use the feeling of the handle to judge whether the selection mechanism works normally. For example, whether the handle is flexible when entering each gear, whether the handle is in the correct position after entering the gear, etc.
檢測中性啟動開關(guān)，以確定發(fā)動機是否僅在變速器換檔手柄處于“N”或“P”位置時才能啟動，以及是否僅在齒輪選擇手柄位于“R”位置時才打開倒車燈，以便打開倒車燈。
The neutral start switch is tested to determine if the engine can only be started when the transmission shift handle is in the "n" or "P" position, and whether the backup lights are turned on only when the gear selection handle is in the "R" position in order to turn on the backup lights.
檢測超速控制開關(guān)，查看自動變速箱超速是否正常。
Check the overspeed control switch to check whether the automatic transmission is normal.
在安裝強制下檔開關(guān)并打開開關(guān)時，檢測強制齒輪開關(guān)，以查看傳感器電路中某些導(dǎo)線的連接是否良好，節(jié)氣門開度是否正常。
When installing the forced downshift switch and opening the switch, check the forcing gear switch to see if some wires in the sensor circuit are connected well and whether the throttle opening is normal.
